Physics 408: Optics (2014/15 Term 2)

Instructor: Prof. Kirk W. Madison (822-6356)

Instructor Access for questions / concerns
0) I am not available immediately following lectures. Please come to my office hours instead.
1) Please don't email me unless there is truly an urgent need - instead, please post your questions concerning the course/homework/etc... using the discussion forum/section on the course Piazza page.
2) For registration issues please contact Eileen Campbell (campbell) or Salena Li (ugcoord)
3) For all other matters (personal or otherwise), please visit me in person during my office hours
Office Hours = lab hours in Hebb basement TA room
4) For all issues regarding homework marks, please talk directly to Kahan Dare during the homework problem solving sessions



In-Class TA: Gene Polovy (gpolovy)
Homework TA: Kahan Dare (kahan)
Head Lab TA : Will Gunton (wgunton)
Monday Lab TA (PHYS 408 L2D, 14:00-17:00) Kais Jooya (jooyak)
Tuesday Lab TA (PHYS 408 L2A, 11:00-14:00) Emily Altiere (ealtiere)
Wednesday Lab TA (PHYS 408 L2B, 14:00-17:00) Kais Jooya (jooyak)
Friday Lab TA (PHYS 408 L2C, 14:00-17:00) Emily Altiere (ealtiere)
Lab Engineering Technician: Gar Fisher (gar)

Course Links

• Class discussions are on Piazza
  
• Course Overview
• Marking Scheme
• Syllabus (includes homework problem sets and solutions)
• Lab webpage
  
• Lab videos webpage

External Links

Schedule

• Weekly Class Meeting: MWF 9:00-10:00 AM (Irving K Barber Learning Centre, room 261)
• Homework Problem Review Sessions: Fridays from 5:30pm-7:30pm in (Henn 318), but then Wednesdays (as of Feb. 25th, 2015)
• Lab: as per your scheduled time given here. Labs will start the week of January 13th.
• Start of classes: Monday, January 5th
• Family Day (holiday): Monday, February 9 (no class)
• Reading Break: Feb. 16-20 (no class)
• Good Friday : April 3, 2015 (no class)
• Easter Monday : April 6, 2015 (no class)
• Last class day: Friday, April 10

Course Overview

The lab component of the course must be passed in order to gain credit for the course, and you must pass the final exam to obtain a passing mark for the course. Your overall course mark will be determined on the basis of your pre-class reading and in-class participation, homework assignments, the lab component of the course, two midterm exams, and a final exam with the following weighting:

• Pre-class Reading and In-Class Activities/Participation: 10%
• Homework Assignments: 10%
• Laboratory: 20%
• 2 Midterm Exams: 20% total (10% per exam)
• Final Exam: 40%

Pre-class Reading and In-Class Activities/Participation.

Before each class, you are expected to complete the assigned, targeted reading. You are also expected to maintain a brief set of running notes on the reading which you will use during class. These notes should generally not exceed a page for each reading assignment. No other supplementary materials are allowed during in-class acitivites: text books, computers, cell phones, etc... are not allowed. The success of the teaching approach of this course critically depends on you to complete the assigned reading prior to each class. Otherwise, the in-class discussion, activities, and problem solving sessions will not be productive or efficient.

Every Wednesday classes will begin with a short reading and activities comprehension quiz. Your entire reading+participation mark will be based on these quizzes, and these quizzes be very easy if you have completed the assigned reading, have your reading notes with you, and have worked during the previous class meetings. The easiest way to pass these quizzes and earn your participation marks is to do the reading and work (i.e. think) during class. However, if you need to skip a class for any reason, it is highly recommended that you go through the class activities on your own time to prepare for these weekly quizzes. Also, if you need to, you are welcome to come to class on Wednesday morning, take the quiz, and leave immediately.

Note : your participation mark will be scaled so 90% gets full credit. So if you need to miss a wednesday morning quiz, there is no penalty.

Homework

Homework is assigned each week. Homework assignments will generally be due every week (previously on Mondays) on Thursdays by 5:00 PM sharp in the PHYS408 drop box in the basement of Hebb and a new assignment will be posted. See syllabus below for the exact homework schedule and corresponding homework solutions. Following the deadline, I will accept late homework for 3 more days (72 hours from the due date) with the following penalty: your recorded mark will be your marked score will be divided by 2. For example, you turn your homework 1 day late. The TA marks it as an 80/100 as if the homework was turned in on time. Your recorded mark will be a 40/100. Thus, if your homework is only partially finished, I encourage you to hand in what you have completed for partial credit. Working together on homework is encouraged. Please list on the top of your homework who you collaborated with. However, under no circumstances should you copy or consult in any manner someone else's witten solution to a problem before you have submitted your own homework for credit. Specific examples of what is and isn't acceptable are discussed below "Copied" homeworks will be severely penalized (i.e. all versions of a copied homework assignment will receive a zero). In addition, appropriate action as dictated by UBC policy described in page 48 of the Calendar will be followed which usually will lead to academic suspension.

The TA will fully mark one to three problems (chosen at random) from each homework. Solutions will always be provided for all homework problems. For the unmarked problems, it is up to you check to see if you have grasped the concepts and mastered the mathematical techniques required.

Lab

• Lab marking scheme and guidelines
• Lab schedule and materials

Exams

• Midterm #1 (in class): see below
• Midterm #2 (in class): see below
• Final: see below(Exam schedule)

Two 50 minute mid-term exams will be given in class and a full length final exam will be scheduled during final exam week. A list of useful formulae will be provided at the exams. Contents of this list will be disclosed prior to the exams. No extra materials will be allowed. Calculators will be allowed. Cell phones or any other electronics (apart from simple watches and calculators) are not needed and will not be permitted. If you bring any unapproved electronics to your exam, you will automatically receive a score of zero. Makeup exams will only be granted under extremely extenuating circumstance for appropriate emergencies such as sudden illness, recent accident, death in the family, etc. Formal and appropriate written documentation of such an emergency is required and such matters will be referred to the Dean's office as per the Official Policies of UBC.

Academic Misconduct

All matters of academic misconduct will be treated according to the UBC policy described in page 48 of the Calendar.

While it is obvious what constitutes academic misconduct during exams, in the past there has been some confusion regarding misconduct when working together on homework. In the interest of being clear on this topic below I have provided some specific examples detailing what is and what isn't acceptable behavior. This list is meant only as a guide and it is by no means exhaustive. Moreover, the final determination of what is and isn't academic misconduct shall always follow official UBC policy.

Examples of academic misconduct in the context of homework

• Two or more students sit down and work on one or more homework problems and together they collectively produce a common document (computer program, scratch paper, etc.) from which one or more students directly draw from to write their own solutions.
  
• One student directly copies any portion of another student's homework solutions (whether in final form or not) and hands them is as his/her own solutions

Examples of NO academic misconduct in the context of homework

• Two or more students sit down and discuss one or more homework problems to see if their understanding of the problem(s) and/or their solution(s) are consistent and then SEPERATELY go their own way and write their own solutions WITHOUT reference to a either a common document or another student's solutions (whether the latter is in final form or not)
  

Syllabus

Meeting Date Reading due on this day and links to Homework What was covered Supplementary Links 1 Jan. 5 Intro to course Read this website Homework #1 (due Jan. 12) Put homework into the PHYS408 drop box in the basement of Hebb HWK #1 due Monday, Jan 12 at 5 pm Learning Goals for Light as an Electro-Magnetic Wave Reading from from prerequsite material Griffiths: Chapter 7 §3.3-3.6 and/or Pollack&Stump: Chapter 11 and 13 Introduction to us and In Class Activities 2 Jan. 7 Saleh-Teich: You should jot down notes as you read Review of Maxwell's Eqns and wave eqn Mini lecture on complex amplitudes, Quiz 1 Lecture notes from another term Lecture notes: EM review 5 §1 pp 150-155 don't worry about momentum 5 §2A pp 156-8 EM waves in a simple medium 5 §2B pp 159-162 just skim to appreciate our appoximations 5 §3 pp 162-3 mochromatic waves 2 §2 pp 41-3 upto Helmholtz eqn. Be aware Saleh and Teich use "j" where j = -i 3 Jan. 9   EM Waves continued 4 Jan. 12 Intensity of E&M waves and plane wave solution. Class activities: (EM2) Lecture notes from another term to help you visualize a plane wave look at these applets: Plane Wave Applet Another one Animation of EM wave Saleh-Teich You should jot down notes as you read 2 §1 pp 40-1 2 §2 pp 43-5 5 §3, §4A pp 163-7 mochromatic waves, dispersive media, plane waves and spherical waves 5 Jan. 14 Homework #2 (due Jan. 19 at 5 PM) More work on plane waves and intensity Fresnel Approx and Paraboloidal Waves, Quiz 2 Saleh-Teich You should jot down notes as you read 5 §4B p. 169 understand the relationship between EM vector waves and scalar waves 2 §2B pp 45-47 Spherical waves and Fresnel Approx 2 §2C pp 47-49 Paraxial Helmholtz Eqn., Do your best to understand Fig. 2-2.5 6 Jan. 16   Paraboloidal Waves continued 7 Jan. 19 Homework #3 (due Jan. 26 at 5 PM) Paraxial wave eqn., Eikonal eqn., simple optical elements Lecture notes on Paraxial waves from another term: part a, part b Saleh-Teich You should jot down notes as you read 2 §3 pp 49-50 Understand the relationship between Eqn. 2.3-4 and 2.4-3 2 §4 pp 50-55 If you are having trouble figuring out Eqn. 2.4-5, that's okay, but make sure you understand everything before it. 8 Jan. 21 Homework #4 (due Feb. 2 at 5 PM) Thin plates and Interference, Quiz 3 - Saleh-Teich, pp 56-57 and 2§5 pp 58-63 9 Jan. 23   Interference continued 10 Jan. 26 - Interference Scintrex's absolute gravimeter brochure, LIGO and LISA interferometer based observatories Midterm Course Survey Steck Chapter 5 §1-8, pp 79-86 11 Jan. 28 Saleh-Teich Chapter 3, §1A pages 75-77 (q-parameter form of Gaussian beams), and Steck Chapter 6, §1,2 pages 73-78 (Intro to Gaussian beam properties) Learning Goals for Gaussian Beams Notes on the interference of scalar waves, vector plane waves, and notes on interferometers more lecture notes from another term Intro to Gaussian Beams, Quiz 4 12 Jan.30   Gaussian beams cont. 13 Feb. 2 Saleh-Teich Chapter 3, §1 pages 78-83 (discussion of Gaussian beam parameters), and Steck section 2.4-2.6 pages 19-24 (Ray Optics, matrix formalism) Homework #5 (due Tuesday Feb. 10 at 5 PM) HMK #4 due Feb. 2 @ 5 PM lecture notes from another term Gaussian Beams, and Gaussian Beam from the Paraxial Wave Eqn. 14 Feb. 4 Saleh-Teich Gaussian Beams, Quiz 5 Lecture notes from another term lunar ranging 1 lunar ranging 2 Steck Ch. 6 §5 read up to eqn (6.47). Intro to the ABCD law Saleh-Teich Chapter 3 §1B pages 84-85, §2 pages 86-89,91-92 Although they are useful, do not worry about eqns 3.2-5 to 3.2-9 (determination of beam parameters from measurements, beam quality, how a lens changes a beam, beam shaping, and ABCD matrix formalism intro) 15 Feb. 6 Read the rest of Steck Ch. 6 §5 and this. ACBD law and Gaussian beams no class Feb. 9 Family Day (Monday) 16 Feb. 11 HMK #5 due Tuesday Feb. 10 @ 5 PM Gaussian Beams cont. Quiz 6 17 Feb. 13 Midterm #1 in Class Midterm 1 Formulae Sheet other example midterms: m1 m2 m3 no class Feb. 16 reading week no class Feb. 18 reading week no class Feb. 20 reading week 18 Feb. 23 Required reading: Steck Chapter 3 §2-4 (look closely at 3.2 but just skim 3.3 and 3.4) and read Chapter 12 §1-2.2 HMK #6 (due Thursday, Mar. 5 at 5 PM) Learning Goals for Fourier Optics If you need a review of Fourier Series read Steck Chapter 3 §1 For more review of Fourier Transforms look in Griffiths quantum book §2.4 on free particle and this and/or this Fourier Optics 19 Feb. 25 Read closely Steck 12.2.2-12.2.4 Fourier Optics, Quiz 7 Lectures from another term Short proof of the Fourier Transform of a complex Gaussian 20 Feb. 27   Fourier Optics cont. 21 Mar. 2 Read Saleh-Teich Chapter 4 §1A and 1B: just skim pages 105-107 (this is review) and look at pages 111-115. Also read Steck 12.2.5 and 12.2.6 Homework #6 due Thursday at 5pm HMK #7 due Thursday Mar. 12 @ 5 PM Fourier Optics Note on the propagation of a wave through a thin element and through space and Lectures from another term 22 Mar. 4 Steck 11.1-11.3 and 12.4.1-12.4.2, first few paragraphs of this. Visualization of convolution here understanding the convolution theorem here and here HMK #8 (due Thur. Mar. 19 at 5 PM) Impulse Response of free space, Huygens Principle, Convolution, Quiz 8 Convolution applets 1, 2 Lectures from another term 23 Mar. 6 Read "Quantum-secure authentication of a physical unclonable key" [Optica, Vol. 1, Issue 6, pp. 421-424 (2014)] and look at its supplemental material (available on CONNECT). Additionally (optionally), you can read the wikipedia article on Quantum readout of PUFs Quantum-Secure Authentication (QSA): an application of quantum Fourier Optics Popularized article in OSA 24 Mar. 9 Steck 12 §3.1 to 3.5 Homework #7 is due Thursday Mar. 12 @ 5PM Diffraction Midterm II Formula Sheet and example midterm questions and Example Problem S Solution 25 Mar. 11 4-f lens system: read and understand this old homework problem and its solution Skim the following reading (example applications): Steck 12 §5, 5.1 HMK #9 (due Thur, Mar. 26 at 5 PM) Class activities on the 4-f Optical system and William's supplemental class notes on 4-f Optical system, Quiz 9 Plasmon applications in metallic nano-lens technology and color holograms For a discussion of holography: see Steck12 §6 26 Mar. 13   4-f optical system cont. 27 Mar. 16 Read Steck 7 §1-2. Learning Goals for Resonators, Polarization Fabry-Perot Resonator applet lectures from another term Supplemental reading: Saleh-Teich Chapter 10 §1 pages 367-373 Resonators 28 Mar. 18 Read Steck 7 §1-2. Homework #9 due Thursday, Mar. 26 at 5pm Resonators, Quiz 10 lectures from another term The story of a cavity in our lab 29 Mar. 20 Midterm #2 in Class Look at these Fourier Optics examples of the Convolution Theorem, convolving a function with a delta function, example of three Gaussian beams passing a screen, example of a Gaussian beam hitting a sinusoidal grating. midterm 2 equation sheet   30 Mar. 23 Skim read Steck 7 §3, but read closely Steck 7 §4 and 7 §5.0 and §5.1. Understand Eqn 7.60. Steck 8 §1-3 HMK #10 (due Thursday, Apr. 2 at 5 PM) Resonators (cont.) Polarization Applet Laser frequency stabilization by polarization spectroscopy of a reflecting reference cavity Local Copy 31 Mar. 25 Steck 8 §1-7 Polarization, Quiz 11 32 Mar.27   Polarization cont. 33 Mar. 30 Homework #10 due Thursday, Apr. 2 at 5pm HMK #11(due Thursday, Apr. 9 at 5 PM) Quantum Cryptography using Polarization states, 3D movies, and polarization matrices of rotated optics My notes on EM wave propagation in anisotropic media simple case - polarization along a principle axis general case - polarization in some arbitrary direction 34 Apr. 1 Note: Problem solving session is in Hebb 12 at 5:30 (and not Henn 318) Polarization Quiz 12 no class Apr. 3 Good Friday no class Apr. 6 Easter Monday 35 Apr. 8 Homework #11 due Thursday at 5pm review problems 36 Apr. 10 Field Trip: Madison Lab Tour Madison Lab Tour : goto Chemistry/Physics Bldg, Room A015 (basement) please arrive just before either 9:00AM (tour #1) or 9:30AM (tour #2) : 30 people max per tour   Apr. 24 Review session: Fri., April 24th, 5:00-7:30 PM in Henn 318 Practice Problems Note: solutions to these problems are unfortunately NOT available, but please feel free to discuss them with me or the TAs location: Henn 318 Final Exam April 27 Monday, April 27 15:30-18:00, IBLC 182 Final Exam Forumla sheet Course Learning Goals

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